vestihИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия гуманитарных наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Humanitarian Series2524-23692524-2377The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"vestih-149Research ArticleФИЛОСОФИЯ И СОЦИОЛОГИЯPHILOSOPHY AND SOCIOLOGYБиобанки, геномная ДНК и биоэтикаBiobanks, genomic DNA and bioethicsСавченкоВ. К.SauchankaU. K.u.sauchanka@tut.byИнститут философии НАН БеларусиInstitute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus20160107201601413Copyright © Савченко В.К., 20162016Савченко В.К.Sauchanka U.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestihum.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/149

В процессе быстрого развития геномных технологий возрастает роль этических критериев и оценок, касающихся таких важных проблем, как регулирование научных исследований в области геномики, а также решения этических дилемм, возникающих в результате воплощения в жизнь программ тестирования и терапии генома. Обсуждается также проблема соблюдения и охраны автономии индивидов, их полного информирования и получения осознанного согласия на участие как в процедурах тестирования и терапии генома, так и в качестве объекта научных исследований. В результате создания биобанков клеток и тканей человека и баз персональных данных ДНК к диалогу врач-пациент могут подключаться третьи стороны. Развитие информационных технологий позволяет получать доступ, массово копировать и сохранять в информационных «облаках» интернета любые данные, включая персональные данные личности, медицинские и генетические профили. Такие вновь открывающиеся возможности требуют их осмысления и анализа в рамках постулатов биоэтики с целью совершенствования правового регулирования отношений между геномными компаниями и их клиентами.

Genome technologies rapid development increases the role of ethical criteria and assessments relating to such important issues as regulation of scientific researches in the field of genomics, as well as the ethical dilemmas that arise because of the genomes program testing and therapy realization. We also discuss problems of the respect and individual’s autonomy protection as well as their full information and informed consent before to participate in procedures for testing and treatment of the genome or to be an object of scientific researches.Because of the human tissues, cells biobanks, and individual DNA databases creation, third parties could be add to the dialogue doctor-patient. Development of information technology makes it possible to access, copy and store large quantities of information in the internet clouds of data, including personal data as well as individual medical and genetic profiles. These new opportunities require their comprehension and analysis in the postulates of bioethics in order to improve the legal regulation of relations between genomic companies and their customers.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.