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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestih</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия гуманитарных наук</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Humanitarian Series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2524-2369</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-2377</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/2524-2369-2023-68-2-112-122</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestih-971</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пытанне адкрыцця транзіту па р. Нёман у сістэме савецка-польскіх адносін (1921–1931 гг.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The issue of opening transit along the river Neman in the system of Soviet-Polish relations  (1921–1931)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7164-7432</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бароўская</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovskaya</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боровская Ольга Николаевна – кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Академическая, 1, 220072, Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Volha N. Borovskaya – Ph. D. (Hist.), Senior ScientificResearcher</p><p>1 Academicheskaya Str., Minsk 220072</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borovskaya-olga@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт истории, Национальная академия наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>112</fpage><lpage>122</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бароўская В.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бароўская В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borovskaya V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestihum.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/971">https://vestihum.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/971</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассматривается вопрос открытия транзита по р. Неман в период советско-польских отношений 1920-х гг., который осложнялся напряженными польско-литовскими взаимоотношениями из-за неурегулированных территориальных споров между сторонами. Организация свободного транзита по р. Неман имела важное значение для налаживания выгодных торговых отношений между Польшей и РСФСР. Политические и экономические взаимоотношения советских республик значительно усложнялись из-за неопределенного статуса р. Неман: объявление р. Неман международной рекой от г. Гродно до устья позволяло западным государствам вмешиваться во внутренние дела Литвы и связывать Польшу с Мемелем независимо от реализации плана Гиманса. Подписание Рижского мирного договора и начало новой экономической политики стали отправной точкой в постепенном процессе перехода к реальной оценке международного положения, но внешнеполитические действия Советского государства по-прежнему имели противоречивый характер. Неопределенный статус спорных территорий повысил уровень конфликтности в регионе. Предъявление СССР польскому руководству новых требований, касающихся сплава древесины по р. Неман, не привело к желаемым результатам. Ни польско-литовские переговоры в сентябре-октябре 1925 г., ни советско-литовские встречи в ноябре-декабре 1925 г. не прояснили вопрос о сплаве древесины по р. Неман. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article draws attention to the issue of opening transit along the river the Neman in Soviet-Polish relations 1921–1931. The solution of the issue was complicated by tense Polish-Lithuanian relations due to the unresolved territorial disputes between the parties. Organization of free transit along the river the Neman was important not only for establishing favorable trade relations between Poland and the Soviet state. The political and economic interests of the Soviet republics were significantly complicated by the uncertain status of the Neman: its declaration as an international river from Grodno to the mouth allowed Western states to interfere in the internal affairs of Lithuania and link Poland with Memel, regardless of the implementation of the Hymans plan. The signing of the Riga Peace Treaty and the beginning of the New Economic Policy became the starting point in a gradual process of transition from a real assessment of the international situation, but the foreign policy actions of the Soviet state were, as before, contradictory. The unresolved status of the disputed territories was added, which increased the level of conflict in the region. The nomination of the USSR of new requirements to the Polish leadership on the passage of wood along the river Neman did not lead desired results. Neither the Polish-Lithuanian negotiations in September-October 1925, nor the Soviet-Lithuanian meeting in November-December 1925 changed the case of timber rafting along the Neman. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>советско-польские отношения</kwd><kwd>польско-литовский конфликт</kwd><kwd>интернационализация</kwd><kwd>сплав древесины</kwd><kwd>транзит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Soviet-Polish relations</kwd><kwd>Polish-Lithuanian conflict</kwd><kwd>internationalization</kwd><kwd>wood alloy</kwd><kwd>transit</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мархлевский, Ю. Война и мир между буржуазной Польшей и пролетарской Россией : пер. с пол. / Ю. Мархлевский. – М. : Гос. изд-во, 1921. – 42 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marchlewski J. War and peace between bourgeois Poland and proletarian Russia. 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S. 20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Расійскі дзяржаўны архіў сацыяльна-палітычнай гісторыі (РДАСПГ). – Ф. 5. Воп. 2. Спр. 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History. F. 5. Op. 2. D. 2000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">РДАСПГ. – Ф. 5. Воп. 1. Спр. 2111.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History. F. 5. Op. 1. D. 2111.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Документы внешней политики СССР : в 24 т. / М-во иностр. дел СССР. – М., 1962. – Т. 6 : 20 ноября 1922 г. – 31 декабря 1924 г. – 646 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Documents of foreign policy of the USSR. Vol. 6. Moscow, Gospolitizdat Publ., 1962. 646 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">РДАСПГ. – Ф. 504. Воп. 1. Спр. 270.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History. F. 504. Op. 1. D. 270.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">АЗП РФ. – Ф. 151. Воп. 5. Д. 8. Спр. 5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foreign policy archive of the Russian Federation. F. 151. Op. 5. D. 8. S. 5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нацыянальны архіў Рэспублікі Беларусь (НАРБ). – Ф. 72. Воп. 1. Спр. 19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Archives of the Republic of Belarus. F. 72. Op. 1. D. 19. (in Belarusian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Archiwum aktów nowych (AAN). – Zespół. Ambasada Paryz. Sygn. 122.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Archiwum aktów nowych (AAN). Zespół. Ambasada Paryz. Sygn. 122. (in Polish).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Документы и материалы по истории советско-польских отношений : в 11 т. / АН СССР, Ин-т славяноведения, Сектор истории пол.-совет. отношений ; под ред. И. А. Хренова. – М., 1966. – Т. 4 : апрель 1921 г. – май 1926 г. – 560 с. 39. РДАСПГ. – Ф. 359. Воп. 1. Спр. 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khrenov I. A. (ed.). Documents and materials on the history of Soviet-Polish relations. Vol. 4. Moscow, 1966. 560 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">АЗП РФ. – Ф. 165б. Воп. 2. Д. 5. Спр. 27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History. F. 359. Op. 1. D. 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">АЗП РФ. – Ф. 151. Воп. 9. Д. 10. Спр. 19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Federation. F. 165b. Op. 2. D. 5. S. 27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">AAN. – Zespół. Ambasada Paryz. Sygn 217.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Federation. F. 151. Op. 9. D. 10. S. 19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">AAN. – Zespół. Ambasada Paryz. Sygn. 64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Archiwum aktów nowych. Zespół. Ambasada Paryz. Sygn. 217. (in Polish).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">АЗП РФ. – Ф. 122. Воп. 7. Д. 31. Спр. 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Archiwum aktów nowych. Zespół. Ambasada Paryz. Sygn. 64. (in Polish).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">НАРБ. – Ф. 72. Воп. 1. Спр. 102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Federation. F. 122. Op. 7. D. 31. S. 2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">АЗП РФ. – Ф. 010. Воп. 2. Д. 13. Спр. 202</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Archives of the Republic of Belarus. F. 72. Op. 1. D. 102. (in Belarusian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Federation. F. 010. Op. 2. D. 13. S. 202.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Federation. F. 010. Op. 2. D. 13. S. 202.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
