Regulatory and legal regulation of the official production of civil servants elected from the nobility on the territory of Belarus (1773-1862)

One of the key criteria of a civil servant and at the same time an essential element of the institution of public service in the Russian Empire was the rank assigned to the position. It was he who determined the rights and privileges of an official and his place in the official hierarchy. The rank, position, material security (salary, pensions), awarding orders and other insignia, etc. depended on the rank of a civil servant. Obtaining certain ranks in the service gave the employee access to the nobility. The policy of the central government to regulate the rules and procedure of rank production as a process of assignment, promotion, deprivation and renaming of ranks was reflected in legislative acts. The analysis of the Russian legislation showed that the rules of the official production of two groups of civil servants (government and elected from the nobility) differed significantly. Until the 1830s, the order of official production of civil servants elected from the nobility was characterized by haphazardness, lack of proper legislative regulation, fragmentary solution of individual issues without a comprehensive view of the problem. In the 1830s, a number of systemic laws were adopted that settled the problem under consideration. The new rules of rank production were in effect until the very end of the last cadence of officials elected from the nobility in Belarusian history in 1862. 

1. Evreinov V. A. Civil chinoproduction in Russia. St. Petersburg, Tipografiya A. S. Suvorina Publ., 1887. 87 r. (in Russian).

2. Shepelev L. E. Ranks, titles and titles abolished by history in the Russian Empire. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1977. 153 r. (in Russian).

3. Zhytko A. P. The double standards of Belarus during the period of capitalism, 1861-1914. Minsk, Belarusian State Pedagogical University, 2003. 233 r. (in Belarusian).

4. Kiselev A. A. The system of administration and officialdom of the Belarusian provinces at the end of the XVIII -first half of the XIX century. Minsk, Military Academy of the Republic of Belarus, 2007. 171 r. (in Russian).

5. Pintner W. M., Rowney D. K. (eds.). Russian officialdom: the bureaucratization of Russian society from the seventeenth to the twentieth century. Chapel Hill, The University of North Carolina Press, 1980. 396 p.

6. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 1. St. Petersburg, 1830-1851, vol. 16-40 (in Russian).

7. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 2. St. Petersburg, 1830-1885, vol. 1-37 (in Russian).

8. Hapylev S. A systematic collection of Russian laws with the addition of rules and examples from the best law teachers, arranged by the works of Sergei Khapylev. St. Petersburg, Senate Printing House, 1817-1819. 6 parts (in Russian).

9. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 1. Vol. 19. St. Petersburg, 1830, no. 13850, pp. 755-758 (in Russian).

10. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 1. Vol. 44. St. Petersburg, 1830, pp. 150-151 (in Russian).

11. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 1. Vol. 20. St. Petersburg, 1830, no. 14392, pp. 229-304 (in Russian).

12. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 1. Vol. 44, pt. 2. St. Petersburg, 1830, pp. 254-257 (in Russian).

13. A month with a painting of officials in the state for the summer of the Nativity of Christ 1779. St. Petersburg, Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1779. 444 r. (in Russian).

14. A month with a painting of officials in the state for the summer of the Nativity of Christ 1781. St. Petersburg, Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1781. 425 r. (in Russian).

15. Zhukovich P. N. Administration and trial in Western Russia during the reign of Catherine II. Zhurnal Ministerstva narodnogo prosveshcheniya [Journal of the Ministry of Public Education], 1914, no. 2, pp. 265-315; no. 3, pp. 88-120; no. 4, pp. 314-315; no. 5, pp. 130-178 (in Russian).

16. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 1. Vol. 23. St. Petersburg 1830, no. 16930, pp. 201-203 (in Russian).

17. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 1. Vol. 44, pt. 2. St. Petersburg, 1830, pp. 393-398 (in Russian).

18. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 1. Vol. 24. St. Petersburg, 1830, no. 17745, pp. 297-298 (in Russian).

19. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 1. Vol. 24. St. Petersburg, 1830, no. 18154, p. 742 (in Russian).

20. Hapylev S. A systematic collection of Russian laws with the addition of rules and examples from the best law teachers, arranged by the works of Sergei Khapylev. Part 1. St. Petersburg, Senate Printing House, 1817. 299 p. (in Russian).

21. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 1. Vol. 26. St. Petersburg, 1830, no. 19961, pp. 735-736 (in Russian).

22. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 1. Vol. 27. St. Petersburg, 1830, no. 20608, pp. 454-457 (in Russian).

23. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 1. Vol. 33. St. Petersburg, 1830, no. 25846, pp. 123-124 (in Russian).

24. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 1. Vol. 38. St. Petersburg, 1830, no. 28927, pp. 69-70 (in Russian).

25. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 1. Vol. 33. St. Petersburg, 1830, no. 26329, pp. 911 (in Russian).

26. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 1. Vol. 27. St. Petersburg, 1830, no. 20288, pp. 159 (in Russian).

27. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 1. Vol. 30. St. Petersburg 1830, no. 23534, pp. 873-875 (in Russian).

28. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 1. Vol. 38. St. Petersburg, 1830, no. 29346, p. 813 (in Russian).

29. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 1. Vol. 37. St. Petersburg, 1830, no. 28758, pp. 854-856 (in Russian).

30. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 2. Vol. 2. St. Petersburg, 1830, no. 1015, pp. 340-341 (in Russian).

31. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 2. Vol. 5. St. Petersburg, 1831, no. 4214, pp. 546-547 (in Russian).

32. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 2. Vol. 6, pt. 2. St. Petersburg, 1832, no. 4989, pp. 247-274 (in Russian).

33. Collection of the Imperial Russian Historical Society. Vol. 74. St. Petersburg, Senate Printing House, 1907. 506 r. (in Russian).

34. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 2. Vol. 9. St. Petersburg, 1835, no. 7224, pp. 656-665 (in Russian).

35. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 2. Vol. 10. St. Petersburg, 1836, no. 8594, pp. 1114-1115 (in Russian).

36. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 2. Vol. 10. St. Petersburg, 1836, pp. 331-356 (in Russian).

37. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 2. Vol. 7. St. Petersburg, 1833, no. 5068, p. 8 (in Russian).

38. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 2. Vol. 7. St. Petersburg, 1833, no. 5124, pp. 52-53 (in Russian).

39. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 2. Vol. 8. St. Petersburg, 1834, no. 6599, p. 712 (in Russian).

40. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 2. Vol. 8, pt. 1. St. Petersburg, 1834, no. 6287, pp. 378-379 (in Russian).

41. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 2. Vol. 8, pt. 2. St. Petersburg, 1834, pp. 139-140 (in Russian).

42. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 2. Vol. 13. St. Petersburg, 1839, no. 11042, pp. 170-171 (in Russian).

43. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 2. Vol. 14. St. Petersburg, 1840, no. 12003, pp. 133 (in Russian).

44. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). Collection 2. Vol. 33. St. Petersburg, 1860, no. 33639, p. 282 (in Russian).