The article presents the analysis of the philosophical and anthropological foundations of the traditional Chinese national theater, which were formed within the framework of a unique cultural and ideological context. Key categories such as ritualism, symbolic physicality of the actor, rhythmic organization of the action, visual coding and spatial symbolism are explored, emphasizing their connection with Confucian, Taoist and Buddhist traditions. Unlike the European theatrical paradigm, Chinese theater is considered not as a mimetic reproduction of reality, but as a complex semiotic system aimed at transmitting cultural archetypes and collective memory.¹

The topic of this article is relevant because of growing tensions between native and immigrant populations in European countries. By using the analytical concept of “the immigration issue”, the author compares insights from different academic fields. The development of the immigration question in France took place during the period of immigration restriction policies from 1974 to 2006. During this time, immigration to France became a global and migrant character. The socio-economic adaptation of immigrants was made harder by a decline in their economic activity and rising unemployment. Socio-cultural adaptation was complicated by segregation in the ghettos of France’s “problem neighborhoods”. The rise of anti-immigrant sentiment among the French was driven by fear of competition in the labor market and a sense that the French nation. As a result, immigrants became less willing to learn the local language follow cultural traditions, or respect legal norms. Host society started seeing them mostly as an alien population. Applying the cognitive concept of “the immigration issue” allowed us to identify connections between the transformation of the immigration process into the country, changes in immigrants’ adaptation to the social environment of the host society, and the attitudes of the French toward immigrants. It became clean that changes in immigration trigger an adaptation process for both immigrants and the native population. In such a context active social integration of immigrants is essential.

The article summarizes data on the topography, layout and defensive systems of fortified settlements dating from the 7th century BC to the 7th century AD in the Mogilev Dnieper region, based on the analysis of archaeological research results. The aim of the work is to identify patterns in the location of hillforts within the region's river system, determine the stages in the evolution of fortifications, and establish the cultural affiliation of the population across different chronological periods. The study employed cartographic, formal-classification, and historical-cultural methods.

It was established that out of 216 known hillforts, only 59 contain datable material allowing for correct attribution. Three main chronological periods were identified: 7th–3rd centuries BC (Dnieper–Dvina and Milograd cultures), 3rd century BC – 2nd century AD (Zarubintsy culture and the Hatched Pottery culture), and 5th–7th centuries AD (Bantserov–Tushemlya and Kolochin cultures). Continuity in the settlement of hillforts was traced, as later cultural groups actively reused settlements built by preceding populations. It was determined that the vast majority of sites belong to the promontory type and are gravitate towards rivers of the 2nd and 3rd order. The conclusions of the study refine the historical and cultural map of the region and can be used in the preparation of comprehensive works on the archaeology of Belarus.

The article examines adverbs with a floating scope from the point of view of the functional-semantic relationship between their types of use. The focus is on the predicative, the sentential adverb (sentential modifier), predicate modifier with a qualitative meaning or complement, predicate modifier with a quantitative meaning (intensifier). The main research method is transformational. Based on it, transformations are made in the direction of “an utterance with a predicative → an utterance with an adjunct adverb”. As a result, transformable and non-transformable structures are distinguished. If transformations are possible, then in the original and received utterances the predicative and the dependent adverb enter into the following relations: 1) functional equivalence (both modify the proposition); 2) functional non-equivalence (the adverb evaluates some aspect of the verbal action, and not the proposition). If the units under consideration are not functionally equivalent, the dependent adverb is capable of either expressing only qualitative semantics, like a predicative, or exhibiting syncretism – revealing a combination of qualitative and quantitative semes (the function of a secondary intensifier is realized).

The author reveals when a predicative and a predicate modifier, despite the difference in their scope (wide and narrow), form synonymous utterances. It is also noted that in the context of some predicates it is not possible to define the scope of the adverb; such ambiguity is not characteristic of predicative (it is always a modifier of a proposition). The reasons for the non-transformability of utterances with a predicative are indicated: the lack of sentential function of the lexeme, which is necessary to create a correlative construction, and the impossibility of another interpretation of this adverb in combination with a verb; limited capabilities of sentential adverbs in defining propositions of different semantic types.

This article is the first in ethnological science to examine the issues of ethnocultural identity of “Belarusian Tatars” at the present stage and their perception of other Tatars, both those living in the Republic of Belarus and in other countries. There are two Tatar communities living in Belarus, in relation to whom the author uses the following concepts: “Belarusian Tatars” (local Tatars – descendants of the Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania) and “Tatars of Belarus” (Tatars of the diaspora who moved to Belarus in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods). The peculiarities of the ethnocultural identity of the “Belarusian Tatars” are considered through the content of the images of “Oneself ” – “Another” and the concepts of “homeland” and “historical homeland”. The author’s study of the peculiarities of the ethnocultural identity of Belarusian Tatars through the content of the images of “Own” – “Other” and the concepts of “homeland” and “historical homeland” also constitutes the novelty of the study.

The work is based on the author’s field materials collected in 2021–2025 from representatives of two Tatar groups living in Belarus. In this article, survey data are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The author used qualitative research methods (a survey in the form of an in-depth autobiographical interview, expert interviews, etc.).

It is concluded that the ethnoregional community of “Belarusian Tatars” is based on linguistic, cultural and other characteristics. According to the ethnocultural criterion, respondents include in the category “Ours” first of all “Belarusian Tatars”, then “Lithuanian” and “Polish Tatars”, as well as Belarusians. Other Tatars are perceived by them in a more distant way. In the current conditions, such ethnocultural markers as ethnic language and traditional rituals play a disintegrating rather than a consolidating role.

The article is devoted to the study of the role of paratext in the literary process and to the identification of authorial strategies implemented through the system of peritextual and epitextual elements. Drawing on the concept of G. Genette, paratext is considered the most important mediator between the text and the reader, capable of shaping not only the initial perception but also the long-term interpretation of the work. Such forms of peritext as titles, epigraphs, the structure of collections, compositional markers, as well as visual design (covers, typographic and graphic solutions) are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the epitext – interviews, reviews, scientific interpretations, and other forms that provide additional meanings and construct the cultural status of the work. In Belarusian literature of the 20th and 21st centuries, paratext acquires significance not as a secondary accompaniment but as an active element of artistic communication, capable of setting a conceptual framework and guiding receptive practices. It is emphasized that through paratextual strategies, authors shape cultural-identification models, actualize historical memory, and create a metapoetic dimension of creativity. Thus, paratext appears not as a marginal, but as a system-forming category that defines the interaction of text, author, and reader in the literary process. Ultimately, paratext can be viewed as a dynamic space of meanings, where the artistic and the cultural interact in a mode of constant dialogue.

The relevance of this research topic is determined by the special socio-legal status of individuals holding judicial office. Since judges in the Republic of Belarus are civil servants, they are subject to the provisions of both universal normative legal acts governing judicial and procedural activity, as well as the provisions of special acts. This is particularly relevant with regard to the regulation of the ethical status of judges in the Republic of Belarus. The purpose of this study is to examine the specifics of the ethical status of judges in the Republic of Belarus. To achieve this goal, the following objectives must be addressed: to characterize the legal nature of the Code of Judicial Honor of the Republic of Belarus; to identify the specifics of the ethical status of judges regarding their official and extra-official activities; to make proposals for the substantive content of the Code of Judicial Honor of the Republic of Belarus; and to conduct a comparative legal analysis of certain provisions of the Code of Judicial Honor of the Republic of Belarus and the Code of Judicial Ethics of the Russian Federation. Methods: general philosophical (analysis, synthesis, deduction), specific legal (comparative legal, formal legal, legal modeling). The study concluded that the Code of Judicial Honor of the Republic of Belarus, adopted almost 30 years ago, requires reform and updating in both its structure and content to reflect the current conditions of state and social development.