Relationship of different functions of adverbs with floating scope

The article examines adverbs with a floating scope from the point of view of the functional-semantic relationship between their types of use. The focus is on the predicative, the sentential adverb (sentential modifier), predicate modifier with a qualitative meaning or complement, predicate modifier with a quantitative meaning (intensifier). The main research method is transformational. Based on it, transformations are made in the direction of “an utterance with a predicative → an utterance with an adjunct adverb”. As a result, transformable and non-transformable structures are distinguished. If transformations are possible, then in the original and received utterances the predicative and the dependent adverb enter into the following relations: 1) functional equivalence (both modify the proposition); 2) functional non-equivalence (the adverb evaluates some aspect of the verbal action, and not the proposition). If the units under consideration are not functionally equivalent, the dependent adverb is capable of either expressing only qualitative semantics, like a predicative, or exhibiting syncretism – revealing a combination of qualitative and quantitative semes (the function of a secondary intensifier is realized).

The author reveals when a predicative and a predicate modifier, despite the difference in their scope (wide and narrow), form synonymous utterances. It is also noted that in the context of some predicates it is not possible to define the scope of the adverb; such ambiguity is not characteristic of predicative (it is always a modifier of a proposition). The reasons for the non-transformability of utterances with a predicative are indicated: the lack of sentential function of the lexeme, which is necessary to create a correlative construction, and the impossibility of another interpretation of this adverb in combination with a verb; limited capabilities of sentential adverbs in defining propositions of different semantic types.

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