EUROPEAN UNION RESTRICTIVE MEASURES AS FORCE MAJEURE IN THE CIVIL AND LEGISLATIVE TURNOVER

A. F. Douhan

doi:undefined

EUROPEAN UNION RESTRICTIVE MEASURES AS FORCE MAJEURE IN THE CIVIL AND LEGISLATIVE TURNOVER

A. F. Douhan

Full Text:

PDF (Rus) |

Generate QR code

Abstract

Application of restrictive measures by the EU to natural and legal persons, on the first hand in the form of freezing assets, prevents their fulfillment of contracts obligations, is able to infringe interests of their counteragents as well as states. This article focuses to the notion and characteristics of force majeure in contract law, determines specifics of the EU restrictive measures, and assesses possibility to view these measures as force majeure in civil litigation.

Keywords

force majeure, European Union, restrictive measures, sanctions, legal persons

References

1. Voitsekhovskaya, S. V. Osvobozhdenie ot otvetstvennosti prodavtsa (ispolnitelya) vsledstvie nastupleniya obstoyatel'stv nepreodolimoi sily [Elektronnyi resurs] / C. V. Voitsekhovskaya // Konsul'tantPlyus. Belarus' / Kommentarii zakonodatel'stva. Tekhnologiya Prof. - Minsk, 2015.

2. Mel'nik, T. I. Obstoyatel'stva nepreodolimoi sily i zatrudnitel'nye usloviya. Primenenie khozyaistvennymi sudami Respubliki Belarus' konstruktsii fors-mazhora i izmeneniya (rastorzheniya) dogovora v svyazi s sushchestvenno izmenivshimisya obstoyatel'stvami [Elektronnyi resurs] / T. I. Mel'nik // Konsul'tantPlyus. Belarus' / Kommen- tarii zakonodatel'stva. Tekhnologiya Prof. - Minsk, 2015.

3. Funk, Ya. I. Ob inykh posledstviyakh obstoyatel'stva nepreodolimoi sily po pravu Respubliki Belarus' [Elektronnyi resurs] / Ya. I. Funk // Konsul'tantPlyus. Belarus' / Kommentarii zakonodatel'stva. Tekhnologiya Prof. - Minsk, 2015.

4. Funk, Ya. I. O regulirovanii grazhdanskim zakonodatel'stvom Respubliki Belarus' osvobozhdeniya ot otvetstvennosti vsledstvie obstoyatel'stv nepreodolimoi sily (chast' 1) [Elektronnyi resurs] / Ya. I. Funk // Konsul'tantPlyus. Belarus' / Kommentarii zakonodatel'stva. Tekhnologiya Prof. - Minsk, 2015.

5. Funk, Ya. I. O regulirovanii grazhdanskim zakonodatel'stvom Respubliki Belarus' osvobozhdeniya ot otvetstvennosti vsledstvie obstoyatel'stv nepreodolimoi sily (chast' 2) [Elektronnyi resurs] / Ya. I. Funk // Konsul'tantPlyus. Belarus' / Kommentarii zakonodatel'stva. Tekhnologiya Prof. - Minsk, 2015.

6. International sanctions: between words and wars in the global system / T. J. Biersteker [et al.] ; ed. by P. Wallensteen, C. Staibano. - London : Frank Cass, 2005. - xvii, 251 p.

7. Ovseiko, S. V. Fors-mazhor: ponyatie i ogovorki [Elektronnyi resurs] / C. V. Ovseiko // Konsul'tantPlyus. Belarus' / Kommentarii zakonodatel'stva. Tekhnologiya Prof. - Minsk, 2015.

8. Kreutz, J. Hard measures by a soft power? Sanctions policy of the European Union / J. Kreutz // Bonn Intern. Center for Conversation Paper. - 2005. - Paper 45. - P. 1-50.

9. Guidelines on implementation and evaluation of restrictive measures (sanctions) in the framework of the EU common foreign and security policy : Brussels, 2 Dec. 2005, 15114/05 [Electronic resource] // Council of the European Union. - Mode of access: http://register. consilium. europa. eu/pdf/en/05/st15/st15114. en05. pdf. - Date of access: 05.12.2015.

10. Update of the EU Best Practices for the effective implementation of restrictive measures : Brussels, 24 Apr. 2008, 8666/1/08 REV 1 [Electronic resource] // European Union. - Mode of access: http://registerconsilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/08 st08/st08666-re01.en08.pdf. - Date of access: 05.12.2015.

11. Basic principles of the use of restrictive measures (sanctions) : Brussels, 7 June 2004, 10198/1/04 Rev. 1 [Electronic resource] // Council of the European Union. - Mode of access: http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/04/st10/st10198-re01. en04. pdf. - Date of access: 05.12.2015.

12. Treaty on the functioning of the European Union // Offic. J. of the Europ. Union. - 2008. - Vol. 51. - P. 47-200.

13. Eriksson, M. EU sanctions: three cases of targeted sanctions / M. Eriksson // International sanctions: between words and wars in the global system ; ed. by P. Wallensteen, C. Staibano. - London, 2005. - R. 108-125.

14. Kuijper, P.-J. Implementation of binding Security Council resolutions by the EU/EC // Review of the Security Council by member states ; ed. by E. de Wet, A. Nollkaemper. - Antwerp, 2003. - P. 39-55.

15. Restrictive measures (sanctions) in force : Europ. Commiss., updated 30 Sep. 2015 [Electronic resource] // European Union. - Mode of access: http://eeas.europa.eu/cfsp/sanctions/docs/measures_en. pdf. - Date of access: 14.01.2016.

16. Fragmentation of international law: difficulties arising from the diversification and expansion of international law : rep. of the Study Group of the Intern. Law Commiss., 13 Apr. 2006, A/CN.4/L.682 [Electronic resource] // United Nations. - Mode of access: http://daccess-dds-ny. un. org/doc/UNDOC/LTD/G06/610/77/PDF/G0661077. pdf?OpenElement. - Date of access: 20.12.2015.

17. Herik, L. van den. The Security Council’s targeted sanctions regimes / L. van den Herik // Leiden J. of Intern. Law. - 2007. - Vol. 20. - P. 797-807.

18. Organisation des Modjahedines du peuple d’Iran v Council of the European Union : case T-228/02 [Electronic resource] // Judgment of the Court of 1st Instance (2nd Chamber), 12 Dec. 2006. - Mode of access: http://eur-lex.europa.eu LexUriServ/LexUriServ. do?uri=CELEX:62002A0228:EN:HTML. - Date of access: 05.10.2013.

19. United Nations Security Council and European Union blacklists [Electronic resource] // rep. of the Comm. on Legal Affairs a. Human Rights, 16 Nov. 2007, Doc 11454. - Mode of access: http://assembly. coe. int/main. asp?Link=/documents/ workingdocs/doc07/edoc11454. htm. - Date of access: 15.08.2011.

20. Resolution 1597 (2008) United Nations Security Council and European Union blacklists [Electronic resource] // PACE. - Mode of access: http://www.assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta08/ERES1597. htm. - Date of access: 15.08.2015.

21. Yassin Abdullah Kadi v. Council of the European Union and Commission of the European Communities : case T 315/01, 21 Sept. 2005 [Electronic resource]. - Mode of access: http://eur-lex. europa. eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ. do?uri=CELEX:62001A0315:EN:HTML. - Date of access: 10.12.2015.

22. Ahmed Ali Yusuf and Al Barakaat International Foundation v. Council and Commission of the European Communities : case T-306/01, 21 Sept. 2005 [Electronic resource] // Eur-Lex. - Mode of access: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ LexUriServ. do?uri=CELEX:62001A0306:EN:HTML. - Date of access: 10.12.2015.

23. Judgement of the Court (Grand Chamber) Yassin Abdullah Kadi v. Council of the European Union and Commission of the European Communities: 18 July 2013 [Electronic resource] // Court of Justice of the European Union. - Mode of access: http://curia. europa. eu/juris/document/document. jsf?text=&docid=139745&pageIndex=0&doclang=en&mode=req&dir=&occ =first&part=1&cid=1914364. - Date of access: 02.09.2013.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

ISSN 2524-2369 (Print)
ISSN 2524-2377 (Online)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Humanitarian Series

EUROPEAN UNION RESTRICTIVE MEASURES AS FORCE MAJEURE IN THE CIVIL AND LEGISLATIVE TURNOVER

Full Text:

Abstract

Keywords

About the Author

References

Review

Username
Password
	Remember me

User

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Humanitarian Series

EUROPEAN UNION RESTRICTIVE MEASURES AS FORCE MAJEURE IN THE CIVIL AND LEGISLATIVE TURNOVER

Full Text:

Abstract

Keywords

About the Author

References

Review

Cookies policy