This article explores the development and evolution of pilgrimage research in philosophy and the specific sciences. Key stages in the transformation of philosophical discourse are examined: from the ontological and theological understanding of pilgrimage as a metaphor for human existence to existential-phenomenological and hermeneutic concepts that reveal it as a fundamental mode of being-in-the-world. The contribution of the phenomenology of religion, existentialism, and philosophical anthropology to the development of a conceptual framework for analyzing the pilgrimage experience is noted. It is argued that philosophical reflection played a significant role in the transition from a purely religious understanding of pilgrimage to its interpretation as a universal anthropological phenomenon. It is argued that theology and philosophy laid the fundamental semantic foundations for the subsequent interdisciplinary study of the phenomenon of pilgrimage. Particular attention is given to contemporary scholarly synthesis integrating the diverse dimensions of pilgrimage. Specialized sciences such as history, anthropology, sociology, geography, and economics demonstrate that pilgrimage is a multidimensional phenomenon that is difficult to reduce to a single discipline. It is simultaneously a spiritual path (theology), a historical institution (history), a ritual (anthropology), generating unique social connections (sociology) in a specifically organized space (geography), and an economic driver (economics). It is argued that it is the synthesis of approaches from philosophy, theology, and specialized science that allows us to understand pilgrimage as a unique phenomenon of human culture, located at the intersection of faith, society, economics, and territory

The article explores Chinese national theater as a unique phenomenon of world culture, reflecting the aesthetic principles and cultural specificity of China. It examines the historical origins, stages of development, and main genres of Chinese theater, such as Peking Opera (Jingju) and Kunqu. Special attention is paid to aesthetic principles, including symbolism, rhythmic organization, synthesis of arts, and orientation towards tradition, as well as their connection with Chinese philosophical and religious teachings. The influence of Chinese theater on world theatrical culture and its role in the modern cultural space are analyzed. The article emphasizes the importance of Chinese theater as a tool for preserving cultural heritage and fostering intercultural dialogue.

The research is devoted to the study of the institute of scientific mentoring as one of the mechanisms for the reproduction and strengthening of the country’s intellectual human resources potential. The purpose of the work is to identify the role of mentoring and individual aspects of its functioning in the system of training highly qualified scientific personnel. The scientific and practical significance of the study lies in obtaining unique sociological data necessary for the development of scientifically based recommendations, the implementation of which will improve the efficiency of scientific mentoring and training of highly qualified scientific personnel. The research methodology is based on such conceptual approaches of sociological discourse as exchange theory, symbolic interactionism, understanding sociology, phenomenological sociology and social constructionism. The methods of collecting empirical data are questionnaire survey, expert survey by interview method. Comprehensive sociological research conducted in 2024 found that most degree seekers feel support by their institute staff and can ask colleagues for professional help if necessary. Among the identified conditions that are associated with scientific mentoring and determine the preparation of dissertations, the assistance of a scientific supervisor occupies leading position. According to the majority of respondents, their organization implements to one degree or another all the tasks of scientific mentoring within the framework of training highly qualified scientific personnel. At the same time, two tasks of scientific mentoring are least implemented: creation and development of scientific schools; formation of successful role models of scientists in science. More than half of applicants for academic degrees indicated that the institution of scientific mentoring influences the indicators of reproduction of human resources potential of science in the Republic of Belarus. The results obtained during the research work indicate the need to further enhance the role of the institute of scientific mentoring as one of the key factors in the training of highly qualified scientific personnel to ensure the personnel security of the state in the scientific sphere.

This article focuses on the comprehensive systematization and interpretation of materials from the Pomeranian culture found on the territory of Belarus, information about which has previously been scattered. Based on a spatial analysis of the sites, two primary micro­regions of settlement are identified: the Brest and Pinsk areas. The study defines the spe­ cific characteristics of the culture’s eastern periphery, which is marked by the dominance of bell­graves (cloche graves) and cist­graves alongside the absence of face­urns. The paper concludes that the population was allochthonous in nature and highlights a key scientific problem stemming from the analysis: the question of determining the role of the Pomeranian substrate in the formation of the Zarubintsy culture.

The article identifies the main differences between biblical and religious vocabulary in terms of differences in their semiotic systems. By comparing the meanings of lexemes in religious and explanatory dictionaries and in actual use, the semantic differences between biblical and religious units in different worldviews are shown. Using modeling, the commonality of semantically similar fields is revealed. An algorithm is presented to identify whether a lexeme belongs to religious or biblical discourses. The essential reasons for the need for lexicographic study of biblical vocabulary in the modern Belarusian language are identified.

The article presents a panoramic view of the main areas of Belarusian musicology – historical and theoretical, studying music of the academic tradition, as well as ethnomusicology, the subject of which is oral folk music. The sources of their formation in Belarus are revealed, the ways of their development in the context of the formed scientific schools are outlined. Along with the characteristics of the scientific activities of this schools founders, the leading areas of research of their representatives are determined, the results of which are defended doctoral and candidate dissertations, published monographs and articles. The branch of performing musicology is considered as the relevant directions of modern Belarusian musicology.

Starting from the second half of the 20th century critics have extensively written about a pronounced historical turn in contemporary fiction. At the beginning 21st century the focus on historical themes has become one of the predominant trends in world literature. The article aims to identify universal elements in the understanding and representation of state power and social hierarchy in the historical fiction by Belarusian and British writers of the late XX – early XXI centuries (L. Daineko, O. Ipatova, L. Rublevskaya, S. Balakhonov, A. Navarich, K. Tarasov, H. Mantel, J. Crace, B. Unsworth and others). The problem of power, along with the problem of identity and trauma, is one of the central issues in contemporary fictional representations of the past. The authors actively turn to the ancient metaphors of theatre and board games (images of chess figures, puppetry, playing Go). On closer examination, the gender distribution of hierarchical powers between characters contradicts the prevailing stereotypes about the difference between female and male prose. At the same time, the attention of writers shifts from the external political aspect to the influence of power on the personality of a leader, actualizing the idea that it is a strong leader, and not circumstances, people or natural determinism that are the driving force of the historical process.

In modern conditions, the issue of establishing the boundaries of constitutional and legal regulation of freedom of creativity and teaching is at the top of the agenda of the legal community. The widespread development of artificial intelligence and new forms of teaching activity challenges the previous legislative regulation, which should respond in a timely manner to the emerging public demand. The oriented impact of constitutional and legal norms on social relations arising from the essence of the creative act and teaching activity implies strict observance of the principles of the Basic Law. Current legislation, by revealing the contents of individual definitions, and even more so by setting limits on creativity and teaching, cannot under any circumstances conflict with the fundamental constitutional provisions. Article 23 of the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus allows for the restriction of human rights and freedoms in cases provided for by law in order to protect the protected constitutional interests mentioned in the provision of this provision. The presented article reveals some theoretical and applied problems of determining the limits of constitutional and legal regulation of freedom of creativity and teaching, proclaimed by the Constitution, based on the criteria of a rule­of­law state and the legal experience that took place during the existence of the Soviet Union, which is unusual for today.