The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the determination of the phenomena of personality and identity in the context of their reflection in various philosophical teachings, differentially presented in the historical perspective of the development of philosophical thought. The research examines the main conceptual approaches to understanding human subjectivity, self-description, and self-determination, and traces the dynamics of their development from ancient times to the present day.

Particular attention is given to the transformation of views on these phenomena in relation to cultural, social, religious, and scientific transformations, as well as the relevance of their role in shaping the concept of the subject’s self-identification. The analysis underscores the evolution of ideas about the phenomena of personality and identity within the development of philosophical thought: the article demonstrates the increasing professional interest of philosophers in these issues, demonstrating their ongoing significance for fundamental aspects of both philosophy in particular and the humanities in general.

Doping prevention in youth sports is a priority for international and national policy, and the role of parents as a key element in an athlete’s environment requires study. The aim of the study was to assess the level of knowledge of anti- doping rules among parents of young athletes in the Republic of Belarus and their influence on their children’s attitudes. An online survey of 2,018 parents of students in grades 7–11 at Olympic reserve schools was conducted in December 2024. A representative sample allowed for a descriptive analysis, taking into account gender differences. The analysis revealed that most parents are aware of the rules and recognize their importance. However, only half consider their knowledge sufficient, and seven out of ten respondents expressed a need for additional training. The primary sources of information for the parent community are electronic and traditional media, reflecting the low demand for educational seminars. Fathers are more likely to report sufficient knowledge and are more actively involved in discussions. Most parents discuss doping with their children without experiencing discomfort. The main concerns regarding doping are related to health, disqualification, and the unpredic- tability of drugs. Thus, the study revealed the high importance of doping for parents, coupled with a lack of structured know-ledge and low engagement in formal anti-doping education. There is a need for systematic educational efforts, which are particularly relevant given the critical role of families in fostering intolerant attitudes toward doping in young athletes through trusting communication. The study was conducted as part of the scientific support for the activities of the National Anti-Doping Agency, the primary agency supporting the anti-doping campaign in the Republic of Belarus, founded by the Ministry of Sports and Tourism of the Republic of Belarus.

This article examines seventeenth-century altar woodcarving, focusing on the Budslav high altar and a group of altar-kiots from the Church of the Transfiguration in the village of Porplishche. Drawing on archival sources, monastic chronicles, visitation records, and comparative art-historical analysis, it addresses questions of authorship, dating, and provenance of the altar-kiots dedicated to St Anne, the Holy Trinity, and the Virgin Hodegetria preserved in Porplishche.

Special attention is given to identifying stylistic and morphological parallels between the decorative carving of the Porplishche monuments and the Budslav altar, completed in 1649. The study demonstrates that the group of altar-kiots and their associated carved elements was produced in the mid-seventeenth century and can most plausibly be attributed to the master Peter Gramel, the creator of the Budslav altar. Archival evidence supports the hypothesis that parts of these altars were transferred from Budslav to Porplishche in 1787, following the construction of a new church.

The article also reconstructs the formation of the Porplishche church interior and clarifies the chronology of its sacred furnishings. The findings refine current understanding of the dissemination of early Baroque and Mannerist artistic forms in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, as well as the interplay between Catholic and Uniate artistic traditions.

The article examines the basic principles of depicting the urban theme in the proletarian poetry of the Czech writer J. Hory. Four collections were selected for analysis, written in line with the proletarian trend: “A Tree in bloom”, “Working Day”, “The Heart and Chaos of the world”, “Stormy Spring”. The peculiarities of showing the image of the city in each collection are noted. The poems show the same motives (military and revolutionary), which are intertwined with the urban theme in the poet’s work. A comparison of four collections of proletarian poetry made it possible to trace the evolution in the display of urban space and outline changes in the author’s attitude to the city: at the beginning of his work J. Hora admires the large-scale development of cities, but at the end of the proletarian period, the writer feels the destruction and absorption of the human personality by urban space.

The article is devoted to the doctrinal and practical aspects of such a constitutional category as social responsibility. The contribution of Belarusian and Russian scientists to the development of the concept of social responsibility was noted. The conclusion is substantiated, according to which the provision on social responsibility, fixed in the Basic Law of Belarus, is transformed from a moral and ethical principle into a constitutional imperative. This determines the vector and content of the development of normative activity and law enforcement practice. The importance of the problem of the creative role of law and its effectiveness is emphasized. We believe that in each branch of law it is necessary to conduct an additional analysis of the status of subjects of legal relations, the object of legal regulation and, based on its results, to improve the rule-making and law enforcement sphere. Proposals have been made to improve the current legislation.

The article provides a comparative analysis of the main characteristics of the state at the current stage of its development: e-state, information state, digital state. A conclusion is made regarding the recognition of the digital state as an independent public institution of constitutional law in its digital dimension, as well as the need to enshrine it as a characteristic of the state in the text of the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus.

The article substantiates that the main prerequisites for the emergence of new characteristics of the state in the context of digitalization were the recognition of information as a strategic resource of the state, the formation of concepts of information and digital sovereignty, and the justification of the information function of the state.

The paper substantiates a methodology by which a digital state should be considered a self-sufficient characteristic of a state at the current stage of development, a full transition to which will be realized upon completion of the process of building an information society. Analyzing the acts of programmatic legislation in the Republic of Belarus, the author defines a model for building a digital state, which is based on the process of creating state digital platforms for making digital decisions on key life situations.

The article examines the digital state from the perspective of the governance model, the stage following the construction of e-government, and from the perspective of the ecosystem. The following characteristics of a digital state are highlighted: ensuring the digital sovereignty of the country, ensuring the information security of the individual, society and the state, recog nition of information as a constitutional value, the introduction of digital technologies into the process of government, and the creation of state digital platforms of a non-departmental nature.

The article presents a scientific approach to the formation of conceptual provisions of resilience of rural human capital, which is disclosed by theoretical aspects of socio-economic nature of this concept and methodological provisions for managing its sustainability. Presented a theoretical approach to the study of this concept from the position of various fields of science, highlighted common and specific features of this category in the context of socio-economic studies, systematized attributes of sustainability of human capital in rural areas. The author’s approach to the study of this definition is presented and a theoretically justified system of factors that have a priority influence on the preservation and increase of resilience of rural human capital. The methodology of analysis and evaluation of the study object, taking into account the specifics of formation, development, accumulation and preservation of rural human capital in the Republic of Belarus. General methodological principles have been developed, defining the concept of study of its resilience in the conditions of the current socio-economic transformation. An algorithm of analysis and assessment of its level in the Republic of Belarus has been formed.

Interaction between the level of resilience of rural human capital and productive employment of local population is justified.