Human genome evolution has been managed by converting the genomic DNA coding sequences, appearance of new genes from pseudo-genes and duplications, by the gene function loss and changes in the regulatory transcription and translation mechanisms. The human genome contains conserved and variable DNA sequences, as well as monomorphic and polymorphic genes. Mutational process continuously generates genetic variation for evolution but many mutations associated with diversity of inherited diseases. In addition to genetic information each new human generation receives all previously accumulated knowledge and developes an achievements of culture and civilization. Biological inheritance of evolutionary innovation is supplemented by inheritance of innovation in social, cultural, technological, and information fields. A new stage in the evolution of human civilization is beginning now on base of processes of globalization and exploration of outer space.

In the article there is a discussion of main directions in social and political studies of Belarusian scientists. Considered investigations are devoted to issues of the church and state relations, problems of making the religion politically loaded and its influence on the modern society development. The role of religious factors in political processes and technologies is increasingly becoming the subject area for dissertation researches. It indicates a certain social order in scientific fields and the relevance of this trend. Key words: religious policy, freedom of conscience, national ideology, political technologies, policy and confessions relations.

Peculiarities of the provincial population mentality in localities, particularly in small towns and villages (agricultural settlements) on the material of special sociological studies have been revealed in the article. Basic characteristics of the provincial mentality and their specific manifestation in different communities have been shown, too. Such communities are rural and urban ones. It is shown that the provincial mentality has a complex and contradictory structure. However, it is a carrier of the common trends for the country in the sphere of value orientations for Belarusians.

Processes of the global Internet formation have been considered in the article including the Republic of Belarus. There are dynamics and socio-demographic characteristics of Internet users. Current risks and threats related to the introduction the modern information and communicative technologies (ICT) into the daily existence of the most people have been presented in the article, too. Results of sociological researches and statistical data show a sharp increase of the number of Internet users among young people, especially school children and adolescents. They are the most vulnerable component of population concerns to existing and potential risks of the information sector development.

From the point of view of historical experience the actual challenges are both the development of a military education in the territory of Belarus in days of Civil war and the same one in the inter-military period. They are considered in the article. Problems of the first Soviet military schools (courses) formation during the 1918-1924 years, the activity of the Incorporated Belarus military school in 1924-1937, heavy processes connected with creation of military schools, preparing experts for various kinds of armed forces and combat arms in 1940-1941, have been elucidated in article. Various aspects of educational process and daily vital activity of cadets have been shown.

Article dwells on the basic methods of paleo-anthropology such as measuring and descriptive ones. These methods had been being worked out over the period of XIX-XX centuries by Russian and West European authors. They had laid the groundwork for anthropological methodology in general. Bio-archeology is a new field, which synthesizes and summarizes the data of medicine and biological sciences and liberal arts in order to create the whole description of social conditions, where the biological peculiarities of ancient people had been formed.

During all the time the salary was an important stimulation factor for country work. In the period from 1944 to 1965 the workday was a form of wage of collective farmers, but at the same time it wasn’t the instrument of their motivation to labor productivity growth. The Party and state elite of BSSR have taken up conservative position and didn’t pay much attention to this factor. Such their position had a negative impact on performance of indicators of five-year plans. In 1966 the workday ceased to exist. Instead workday the man-day has been taken as a basis to account the wage of collective farmers. Most of the paid category of collective farmers was a group of administrative personnel representatives including chairmen and chief specialists of farms. On average, they received three times more than other collective farmers. Employees of field crews and stock-raising farms which have been engaged into preparation of forages, manual processing of fields, care of crops of gardens and kitchen gardens were the lowest-paid category of collective farmers.

In the article the author discusses the subject phrases with a «tim valus» in Belarusian folk dialects. Also characteristics of syntactic relations phrases that express the time meaning of structural features in these structures have been presented. Territories of their distribution and regulatory status have been determined in the article, too.

In the article an approach to the study of heterogeneous casual oral speech of Belarusians, based on the view on the studied phenomenon not as a mix of Belarusian and Russian languages, but as a system with variability of a certain linguistic variables has been presented. Author provides methods to analyze this phenomenon. The special attention has been paid to the reasons (internal and external) of speakers using the specific variant of linguistic variables.

Ancient Greek historian Herodot informed that in the 4 century BC in the territory of the Eastern Europe there were not only Scythians, but also a tribe one-eyed arimaspians which was at war with mysterious Griffins because of gold. Earlier we considered a tribe arimaspians and the hypothesis about the reason of their unusual appearance has been offered. This article is a continuation of this theme where the tribe of Griffins has been investigated. Hypothesis about an origin of a mythological image of griffin has been offered. Also its cult at Iranian Scythians has been considered. Stylized images of griffin among geometrical patterns of Belarus ritual towels in the East of Belarus (in the Mogilyov and Gomel regions) has been found out.

The article is dedicated to elaboration of typology and more accurate definitions of women’s wedding headwear used on the territory of Belarus in XIX - the beginning of XX centuries through the structural and technological approach. It is based on the similar classifications of girl’s headwear elaborated by D. K. Zielenin, G. S. Maslova, M. Y. Grinblat, M. F. Ramaniuk.

In the American and Belarusian prose such writers as J. Updike, John Gardner, Ernest Hemingway, B. Sachenko, M. Streltsov tend to interpret nature on the philosophical level. Also to explain communications and regularities of natural phenomena, both American and Belarusian writers pay attention to issues of human fusion with the natural world and declare the theme of destruction of nature by the person that result in a loss of «roots».

Author of the article refers to works of the famous XX century French myth-maker M. Tournier. His novel «Friday, or Pacific limb», a modern adaptation of a literary myth about Robinson Crusoe, is in the focus of studies. Author compares the image of island in the work of this writer to Shakespeare’s play «The Tempest». Also by comparing these toposes, the author of the article reveals archetypal, symbolic and mythological nature, which makes the importance of M. Tournier’s novel. Also author of the article detects variants of M. Tournier’s novel use in a variety of artistic space of different epochs. Innovation of this contribution has been revealed through deep and ambiguous understanding of the topos «island», being interpreted in frameworks of discourse in several significant works of the world literature.

In the article we analyze the content of the principle «Failure» to attach normative legal act retroactively. Investigated different views of scientists on this problem, as well as national and foreign legislation have been presented in the article. Contradictions in the administrative tort law have been revealed. A number of proposals aimed at improving the national legislation and practice have been made.

Article is devoted to relation of the government regulation and business risk in the system of economic activity, which provided by Article 39 of the Criminal Code of Belarus. The necessity of liberalization of economic activities by reducing limits of the state intervention into the market economy and the abolition of unjustified administrative barriers to business development initiatives have been analyzed. Possibilities for leaders of entities on business to have any rights for risk protection have been analyzed, too.

The Republic of Belarus does not stand apart from the world trends and it is actively developing the service sector. One of the promising directions for export of services is the expanding export of medical services or the provision of medical services to foreign nationals. On basis of the analysis of the foreign experience, the author of the article proposes a mechanism for the creation of a medical cluster of the Republic of Belarus, which will actively attract foreign patients, providing them with not only medical, but also a wide range of related services. Creating a medical cluster will bring Belarus to the new level of medical services.

Economic risks causes analysis concerning to the investment project at different stages of innovative products’ life cycle has been performed. Concept of the «complex life cycle» has been proposed by authors of the article. It means a system of stages including development, production, sale and disposal of innovative products, which is correlated functionally with the system of prerequisites of economic risks occurrence. Practicability and effectiveness of the cluster approach use have been shown. Minimization and elimination of economic risks negative consequences which provide development of comprehensive intellectual potential of sociums in the fields of pro-duction and consumption of innovations have been elucidated in the article, too.