PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIOLOGY
The internationalisation largely determines the modern image of higher education and is considered one of the markers of the state’s national success. Slow development of internationalisation of higher education may indicate the occurrence of serious problems in national development, one way or another related to economic, political or social sustainability. In this regard, the internationalisation of higher education should be examined as an important object for socio-philosophical reflection that could shed light on the general problems of global development.
The article is devoted to studying the features of self-organization of social systems and its structural and dynamic characteristics in the context of the post-non-classical paradigm. Key attention is paid to the analysis of the openness of social systems as the most important prerequisite for their self-organization. In this regard, the phenomenon of vitality is proposed as a structural and dynamic component of self-organization, on the basis of which the role of a person in this process as an “observer-participant” is specified, due to the circumstances of human life. Further directions of social self-organization research are suggested.
Bases for the concept of “consumption” in foreign classical sociology have been considered. The author’s theoretical scheme of consumption analysis is developed. Approaches to consumption within the framework of structural functionalism at the level of macrosocial analysis are presented – these are class and institutional approaches, based on the principle of social organization and subordination. Social functions of the consumption are the stratification and establishment of control by interested system players. On the level of microsocial analysis, there is a socio-cultural approach based on the principle of identification, and in this case, social functions of consumption are the rationality of subjects in the process of self-realization and establishment of social communications in the context of the value-normative system of culture. As a result of the review of the scientific literature, it has been revealed that, at the moment, there is no consensus among researchers on the adoption of a broad definition of the concept of “consumption” in sociology, since it is usually defined by the context of the study. Based on the analysis of the sociological approaches to the consumption, its definition is formulated as social activity to satisfy material and spiritual needs through acquiring, using, destroying and alienating goods, as a result of which social differences and relations, social structure, institutional influence, value-normative system of culture, social identity, life styles, social connections and communications are determined, established and maintained.
HISTORY
The article is devoted to the history of the settlement of the Pripyat Polesye in the 1st millennium AD. The main attention is paid to the monuments of the first half of the 1st millennium AD, their dating and cultural identity. It is noted that at present the source study base does not allow to reliably “make ancient” the Slavic Prague culture in the Pripyat Polesie until the IV century. and associate it with the monuments of the post-Zarubinets circle. At the end of the III century BC tribes of the Zarubintsy culture came to the territory of Pripyat Polesye. This is the period of decline of the previous Milograd culture (VIII – III centuries BC). The “Milograd” features undoubtedly gave their specific features to the material culture of the Polesie Zarubintsy. By the middle of the 1st century. Zarubinets culture in Pripyat Polesie ceased to exist. It was believed that between the Zarubintsy culture and the Prague Slavic culture of the 5th–7th centuries there is a chronological gap.
The article reflects the socio-cultural and industrial activities of the public association “Belarusian Society of the Deaf” (“BelOG”) in 2011–2015. This article, the material of which is based on the sources of the current archive of the Central Board of the Belarusian Society of the Deaf and others, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, will fill the gap in historical science, given that this period of the association’s activity is not reflected in historiography, there is only episodic information about the Belarusian Society of the Deaf at the specified time. Despite the difficult economic situation in the manufacturing sector of “BelOG”, caused by the consequences of the financial crisis in the Republic of Belarus (2009), partial financing of socio-cultural events and facilities continued. However, at the same time, this period was full of significant achievements in solving the problems of the linguistic rights of the hearing impaired, the development of studies of the Belarusian Sign Language, culture, sports and the historical heritage of the Belarusian Society of the Deaf.
The Article by Kirill Solovyov, candidate of cultural studies, is devoted to the problems of ethno-confessional relations in the territory of Western Belarus during the interwar period. Introduction. Given the fact that 2019 was the anniversary year for the young independent Republic of Belarus, and in 2020 the anniversary of the victory In the great Patriotic War in the expert community of Russia and Belarus, as well as in political circles and among the national Belarusian intelligentsia, you can find directly opposite points of view on how the process of national revival took place in the territory of modern Belarus in the period of 1921–1939, how the relations between the Polish government and Polish national associations on the territory of the “Kresov Vskhodnih” and Belarusian nationalist and Russian public emigrant associations were built. As a rule, if a State committed to integral nationalism wants to detach a part of the people from their historical roots, this happens either through cultural or religious assimilation. The article deals with attempts of such religious assimilation by the Polish authorities during the sanation regime of 1921–1939 for example, the existence in Poland of Orthodox Uspensky Zhirovichi men’s monastery. For a sufficient evidence base of the proposed research, the author used the comparative method of historicism in the field of religious studies and the method of “inheritance of culture”, which can be applied in the field of sociology of religion, thanks to which it is possible to show how great the temptation to unify in a multinational young state and turn it into an ethnonational unified community. Materials for the study of this problem were both post-revolutionary emigrant studies on this topic, and modern Belarusian studies concerning the history of inter-Church relations on the territory of the Western Belarusian lands in the interwar period. In the course of a comprehensive study of this problem the author conducted an interesting geocultural analysis of the development of the Polish state in the field of interethnic and interreligious relations which was based on the Polish version of the so-called integral nationalism. The article also traces the trend towards the termination of the Riga Treaty between the RSFSR and the Polish state which became more active after 1926. It should be noted that the Polish state used this trend to plant on the “Eastern borders” of the Polish military colonists – besiegers, who were the military and political support of the new Polish state. Using the example of the existence of the Orthodox Dormition Zhirovitsky monastery on the territory of the second Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth, the author traces how Orthodox Christians resisted the tendencies of ethnocultural assimilation. The study has shown how necessary it is for the State to not interfere in the Affairs of the Church, and how important it is to avoid the temptation to use the “national” Church in building an independent and sovereign state. This is a serious problem that is typical for those post-Soviet States that plan to build their national identity on the principles of extreme nationalism.
LINGUISTICS
This paper focuses on the impact of globalization on dynamics of language situations and national language functions in today’s world. The results obtained propose that the definition of modern language situation in the Republic of Belarus should be expanded as endogenous/exogenous closely related state Belarusian-Russian bilingualism (balanced in legal terms and unbalanced, unequal in functional and communicative terms), complicated by the languages of national minorities and national diasporas, and significant expansion of the presence of world languages in the Belarusian national language space. This paper shows the characteristics of language situation in Belarus and the status of Belarusian in the general Slavic background. Taking the language situation of the Republic of Belarus and the Belarusian language as an example, this paper illustrates the impact of the largest international megaproject “one belt and one way” on the dynamics of the language situations, connecting the national languages of Belarus and China into the world language space.
ARTS, ETHNOGRAPHY AND FOLKLORE
We consider such a complex phenomenon in the modern applied graphics of Belarus as the schedule of workflow units (1991–2019). During this period, Belarusian forms of securities, documents, seals, etc. were analyzed mainly in the field of visual protection of documents. At the same time, high aesthetic qualities, as well as a number of unique properties of state applied graphics, as a result of a special synthesis of artistry and functionality, a combination of the possibilities of different types of creativity (graphics, typography, printing skills, engravings, prints, etc.) allow us to consider them from the perspective of art. It can be argued that today Belarusian documents, letterheads, seals, etc. formed as a complex phenomenon and acquired an individual artistic style. The ongoing search for new visual solutions, meanings and cultural concepts has formed a unique tradition for us to design works of state applied graphics in Belarus. An artistic analysis of the basic units of the state document flow was carried out, patterns of style-forming decisions of their visual images were revealed, periodization was developed and a classification of this cultural phenomenon was given. Based on the results obtained, a general classification scheme is presented for the works of state applied grahics of the Republic of Belarus (1991–2019).
LITERATURE STUDIES
The article is devoted to the place and role of Belarus as the small historical homeland in the works of the Polish poets KazimirVyazynski and Stanislaw Balinski (1918–1939). The axiological coordinates, ideological and creative priorities of the lyrical hero are revealed. The forms and levels of the theme of the small historical homeland artistically embodied in the poetry of the studied authors such as chronotope, realities, images-symbols, precedent names, landscape, and artistic language have been characterized. The works by K. Vyazhinsky and S. Balinsky are analyzed through the prism of the literary and folkloremythological traditions and intercultural dialogue. The specifics of the artistic depiction of Belarus and the Belarusians in the poetry of K. Vyazhinsky and S. Balinsky such as the influence of the vicinity of the Belarusian-Polish border, the connection of history with modernity, folklore component, mythological discourse, realistic landscape, romantic imagery, etc. are described.
LAW
The article analyzes the influence of the science of constitutional law on the formation of constitutional legal relations in the state. The role of scientists in identifying trends in the development of the state and law is reflected. The role of the Constitution as a fundamental act, as an act integrating the entire national legal system, is emphasized. Suggestions are made to improve the system of checks and balances. It is emphasized that the development of constitutional law is influenced by the European legal space. European integration is the most important factor in the process of further development and improvement of national legal systems. A special threat to the stability of the state is created by the split of society, the lack of unity of the people in solving basic issues (property, political pluralism, the real provision of rights and freedoms regardless of political views). The coincidence of constitutional reality and constitutional norms is the most important condition and manifestation of the unity of the state and citizens.
ECONOMICS
The article is devoted to clarifying the conceptual basis for the development of the consumer market, taking into account the specifics of the current stage of social relations. The authors claim that the interconnections of participants in this market should be built on the principles of efficiency and social justice and be intended on improving the performance of the national economy. The essence of understanding these principles from the point of view of target priorities of activity of suppliers of consumer goods, subjects of trade, the enterprises of real sector of economy which are not directly involved in manufacture of consumer goods, and also activity of financial and credit institutions, the state and interests of the end buyer is opened. The purpose and objectives of the consumer market and the tools for their implementation are outlined. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of price regulation measures and the need for them to comply with the principles of efficiency and social justice. The most important factors of personal consumption goods pricing are considered: supply and demand balance, production and sales costs, consumer value, availability of warehouse stocks, state of the monetary sphere, growth of the global economic integration, application of economic sanctions and competition level. The conclusion was drawn that it is advisable to take a comprehensive approach to studying the stated topics.
Branding of territories is growing rapidly as an approach used in the tourism sector to promote a tourist destination. The concept of branding was borrowed from the world of the mass market and is actively used in a number of national tourist destinations, however, at this stage of its development, an academic analysis of the value and effectiveness of the use of branding of territories is still not fully carried out. First of all, the role of branding in regional tourist territories is not investigated, where brand personalization is extremely important given the geographical proximity of their location.
REVIEWS
SCIENTISTS OF BELARUS
ISSN 2524-2377 (Online)